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August 18, 2006
Internationalised Applications
Hi, today I would like to talk about one method of Internationalising applications. On a recent project that I have worked on the client required that the application support multiple languages. In addition to this that the user should have the ability to switch languages at runtime and it should be reflected right throughout the application, in everything from labels to tooltips. Finally they wanted the application to allow for flexible addition of language support moving forwards.
Working in Europe I can imagine that this is going to be a common type of requirement in the future. Therefore I thought it might be worth sharing the approach taken in implementing this.
The built in localisation support in Flex didn’t quite give us what we were looking for in this instance. With the built in support you can read resource strings into the application from resource bundles at compile time. This allows you to compile a separate SWF for each language you wish to support.
The reason that wasn’t useful for this project is that in order to have changed the language with this approach the user would have had to load another SWF and this would not have been the seamless experience that we were aiming for.
In order to create what we wanted, we load the languages all at start up. This gives the client the data that it requires in order to quickly change the languages. An alternative here would be only to load the list of language names and a default language bundle at application start up. This would minimise on the amount of data we were loading on start up. The reason I chose not to do this here was that the amount of data being brought over the wire was not enough to cause a performance problem. Therefore going by the agile adage, this was “The simplest thing that could possibly work”.
The implementation of this is achieved by calling a server-side service. The example app is built on Cairngorm. I guess you could argue that with an app of this size I don’t really need Cairngorm as it’s too much overhead. That is true, however this isn’t meant to be production strength and I’m so used to using Cairngorm for larger apps that it seemed appropriate to show how the multi language functionality would fit in.
So, on start-up we dispatch a GetLanguagesEvent. This calls the GetLanguagesCommand which goes through the delegate to the service and eventually calls the server side LanguageService. The Service returns an ArrayCollection of languageBundles. These are set on the ModelLocator from the Command. At this stage we also set the locale on the LanguageHelper but more about that in a minute.
In the view component of the application, in this case the MultiLanguageSupport.mxml, we declare a LanguageHelper in the mxml and bind the languageBundles in the model to it.
In the LanguageHelper the languages being set causes a dictionary object to be created this holds the languageBundle objects and keys them on the locale code. Setting the languages will cause the languageChange event to be dispatched which will in turn cause all the bindings to the getString method to fire.
In order to change the language now all you have to do is set the locale on the LanguageHelper and it will change the current language and dispatch the languageChange event which will cause the bindings to getString to fire.
This approach has the benefit of being fully extensible. As long as you ensure that the server side language bundles are populated and your client-side label or tooltip binds to the getString method with the right key, you should be able to add further languages without changing any of the client-side code. Although it was done here you shouldn’t store the server-side resources in the code. These could easily be fetched from configuration files or a database allowing you to content manage your apps multilingual support easily.
In following posts I will share how we went about internationalising the numbers and dates in the application.
Posted by arayne at August 18, 2006 06:25 AM
Comments
Great post, Thanks very much
Posted by: Dreamer at August 18, 2006 06:05 PM
Really clever idea.
Thanks for sharing your code with community.
Posted by: Igor at August 19, 2006 05:53 PM
Nice approach.
We sticked with the framework's ResourceBundle approach and successfully removed the need of statically linking the ResourceBundles into the SWF file by loading them dynamically and the initializing them after they're downloaded to the client.
This way we can also load localized versions of the complete Flex 2 framework into the hosting Flex 2 application while still using the .properties files approach.
Dirk.
Posted by: Dirk Eismann at August 20, 2006 11:27 PM
I went the other way. I have all language data on database, where it is well categorized. I created a smaal Java app that creates a language actionscript classes from that language db. Also the language can be selected by user dynamically, which causes the app to load the actual language from db and init the language classes with proper texts.
The major plusses with this approach is the fact that FlexBuilder 2 can now provide code hinting for the language files (since they are classes) and compiler will catch any references to non existing language texts (since they are attributes of an actionscript class). And also I have my language texts on database, where it can be easily edited and searched.
Previously with Flex 1.5 I actually used the method provided here, loading a language list and then dynamically loading a language to a model.
Posted by: Mika at September 12, 2006 12:54 AM
Dirk,
How did you remove the need to statically link the resource bundles into the swc file
Posted by: Brent Fournet at October 5, 2006 06:01 PM
Great solution...
So, and about the numbers and dates ?
We have a solution in runtime?
Posted by: Fredlee at November 28, 2006 04:43 AM
Excelent Article...
I have modified your example to use i18n in java (ResourceBundles in based on some Locales available in the server side...)
In this way, java's "i18n property files" can be shared between Flex and some jsp files that my app needs...
(and easier than database storage for i18n :P )
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